Which of the following are reasons or facts that made Goodnow separate the spheres of Politics and Administration?

1. Both were separate disciplines.

2. Separation of powers provided the basis of distinction.

3. He was keen to promote Administration as an independent discipline.

4. Politics and Administration are two separate functions of government.

Choose the correct answer by using the codes given below:

Frank Goodnow, in his work 'Politics and Administration' (1900), argued that politics and administration are two distinct functions of government: politics as the expression of the state's will and administration as its execution. He used the separation of powers as a conceptual basis (2) and sought to establish administration as an independent discipline (3) with its own functional sphere (4). Statement 1 is a result of this distinction rather than a primary reason for it, but it is often included in this context.