U.S. military involvement in Vietnam began in the late 1950s, with 1957 marking the establishment of American military advisory presence and support for the South Vietnamese government. While the conflict had earlier roots in French colonial rule and the First Indochina War (ended 1954), 1957 is recognized as the start of significant U.S. intervention that escalated through the 1960s until the fall of Saigon in 1975.