The tendency to use the norms and values of one's own culture as standards against which the practices of others are judged is called

Ethnocentrism is the correct term for judging other cultures using one's own cultural standards as the benchmark. Relativism (A) is the opposite - it means understanding cultures in their own context. Racism (B) involves belief in racial superiority, while arrogance (D) is a personality trait, not a sociological concept.