Multiple choice

The Indian Constitution is regarded as?

  1. Federal

  2. Unitary

  3. Federal in form and unitary in spirit

  4. None of these.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Indian Constitution is described as federal in form but unitary in spirit. While it has federal features like division of powers, independent judiciary, and bicameral legislature, it contains strong unitary elements such as a single citizenship, flexible constitution, integrated judiciary, and powerful Centre overriding states in emergencies. Dr. Ambedkar famously called it 'federal in form but unitary in spirit'.