Shot peening is a cold working process where small spherical media bombard the metal surface to create compressive residual stresses. These compressive stresses counteract tensile stresses during service, significantly delaying crack initiation and propagation. This directly improves fatigue strength, which is the ability to withstand cyclic loading. Machinability (A) relates to ease of cutting, ductility (C) to plastic deformation, neither of which are the primary goals of shot peening.