What best explains the origin of today's movement (passage 1)?
Answer this question based on the following passages.
Passage 1 There is a constant evolution in all things Passage 2 Even in the palmiest days, there were
progressive, and this evolution is felt very
perceptibly. Times change, however, and
we change with them. While the changes
(5) may be slow and almost imperceptible to
the observer, they are sure, and finally
become evident by the accumulation of
event after event.
Many of our foremost educators in all
(10) branches of development, physical and
mental, are now making a bold stand for
natural methods of education. However,
all training and development in the past
has not been on the wrong side of the
(15) question. The custom of many has been,
and is, to condemn without investigation;
to condemn because it does not happen to
be in the line of their teaching and study.
He who condemns without knowledge or
(20) investigation is dishonest.
There have been, at all ages and under all
circumstances and conditions, men who
have been at the root or the bottom of
things — men who have preserved the truth
(25) in spite of their surroundings. There have
been at every decade a few men who have
known the truth, and who have handed it
down even through the dark ages. The work
of these men has not been lost. Its influence
(30) has been felt, and is today more powerful
than ever. Hence the trend of the best
thought is away from the ideas of the local-
effort school, away from rigidity and
artificiality, and more in the direction of
(35) naturalness and common sense.
There is to-day a movement which had
its origin in the belief that no man ever
learned because he consciously, rigidly
set or firmly pulled in one direction or
(40) another, or because he did a hundred
other unnatural things too foolish to
mention. It is true he may have learned
in spite of them, which shows that Nature
is kind; but as compared to the whole, he
(45) is one in a thousand.
forces at work which were destined to
influence the entire world. The subtle
influence of these forces was felt so
(5) gradually, and yet so surely and powerfully,
that art was changed to artificiality. Thus
arose that which may be called the dark
ages of the art — an age when error
overshadowed truth and reason; for while
(10) discovered much of the true science, many
who styled themselves scientists discovered
much that they imagined was the true science.
Upon the theories advanced by self-styled
(15) scientists, many systems were based, without
definite proof as to their being true or false.
These systems were exploited for the benefit
of those who formulated them. This condition
of things still manifests itself at the present
(20) day, and no doubt will continue to do so for
many years to come.
The world undoubtedly owes much to the
study and research of the true scientist.
All true art is based upon science. Science
(25) is knowledge of certain phenomena or
movements which are found under certain
conditions to occur regularly. The object of
the true art is to study the conditions which
allow these phenomena to occur.
(30) But the greatest mistake of the many
systems, formulated upon the theories of
the scientists, and of the so-called scientists,
was not so much in their being based upon
theories which often were wrong, as in the
(35) misunderstanding and misapplication of true
theories. While it is true that the world owes
much to science and the scientists, yet "the
highest science can never fully explain
the true phenomena, which are truly the
(40) phenomena of Nature."
The phenomena are more psychological
than physiological; are more an expression
of mind and soul than a physical expression
or a physical force. It is true, the body is
(45) the medium through which the soul, the
real man, gives expression to thought
and feeling; and yet something that is
simply mechanical or physical is always
common and meaningless. The normal
(50) condition of true art is emotional and
soulful.