Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316 CE) was the most powerful and significant ruler of the Khalji dynasty, known for his administrative reforms, market control policies, and military conquests in the Deccan. He successfully defended against Mongol invasions and expanded the Delhi Sultanate significantly. Jalaluddin founded the dynasty but was less powerful, Mubarak was his weak successor, and Malik Kafur was a military commander (not a ruler).