Multiple choice

What was/were the important landmark judgement(s) regarding amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)?

  1. Shankari Prasad vs. Union of India

  2. Golak Nath vs State of Punjab

  3. Kesavananda vs State of Kerala & Minerva Mill vs. Union of India

  4. All the above
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D Correct answer
Explanation

All three cases are landmark judgments on constitutional amendment under Article 368. Shankari Prasad (1951) initially upheld Parliament's power to amend Fundamental Rights. Golak Nath (1967) reversed this, holding Fundamental Rights unamendable. Kesavananda Bharati (1973) established the 'basic structure' doctrine. Minerva Mills (1980) further clarified that Parliament's amending power is limited and cannot expand its own authority to damage basic features.

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