Awadh was NOT annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse - it was annexed in 1856 on grounds of 'misrule.' The Doctrine of Lapse, introduced by Lord Dalhousie, annexed princely states without a male heir, including Satara (1848), Jhansi (1853), and Nagpur (1854). Awadh's annexation was a separate case that contributed to the 1857 rebellion.