Multiple choice

What is the meaning of “Not proved” under Evidence Act, 1872?

  1. Fact does not exist

  2. Non-existence probable

  3. Court has doubt

  4. Neither proved nor disproved.
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D Correct answer
Explanation

Under Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act, 'Not proved' means a fact is neither proved nor disproved - the court believes the fact's existence is not proven, but its non-existence is also not clearly established. It's a state of uncertainty. 'Not proved' doesn't mean the fact doesn't exist (that's 'disproved'), nor that it definitely exists (that's 'proved'). The court simply lacks sufficient evidence either way.

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