The Fundamental Duties were introduced in the Constitution by

The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 during the Emergency period. These duties (Article 51A) were inspired by the Sardar Patel Swaran Singh Committee recommendations. They outline citizens' obligations toward the nation. The 40th Amendment dealt with land reforms, 50th with anti-defection, and 54th with parliamentary privileges.