“Careless she is with artful Care/Affecting to seem unaffected” is an example of

These lines from Alexander Pope's 'Rape of the Lock' exemplify paradox - the contradiction of being 'careless' yet 'artful,' and the deliberate effort to seem 'unaffected.' Paradox combines seemingly contradictory ideas for rhetorical effect, unlike irony (saying opposite of meaning), simile (comparison using like/as), or metaphor (direct comparison).