Multiple choice

The monohybrid and dihybrid crosses performed by Mendel lead to a monohybrid phenotype ratio, a genotype ratio and a dihybrid phenotype ratio, respectively, of

  1. 3:1 ; 1:2:1 ; 9:3:3:1

  2. 1:2:1 ; 3:1 ; 9:3:3:1

  3. 3:1 ; 1:2:1 ; 1:7:7:1

  4. 1:3 ; 1:1:1;:1 ;12:3:1
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Explanation

Mendel's monohybrid cross produces a 3:1 phenotypic ratio (dominant:recessive) and a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio (homozygous dominant:heterozygous:homozygous recessive). The dihybrid cross produces a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio when genes assort independently. These ratios are fundamental to Mendelian genetics and result from the segregation and independent assortment of alleles during gamete formation.

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