Apabhramsha refers to the "corrupted" or "fallen" languages that evolved from Prakrits and were spoken by common people during medieval India (roughly 6th-13th centuries CE). It represents the transitional stage between Prakrits and modern Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi. The term literally means "that which has fallen down" or "corrupted," referring to linguistic deviation from classical Sanskrit. Option C correctly identifies it as the common people's language.