Who were the first people to lay foundation of the Urban civilization?

The Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) are credited with establishing the world's first urban civilization around 4000-3000 BCE. They developed the first true cities with specialized labor, complex governments, writing systems (cuneiform), monumental architecture, and social stratification - the hallmarks of urban civilization. While other civilizations like Chinese, Egyptian, and Indus Valley developed urban characteristics later, the Sumerians were pioneers in this transition from village-based to city-based societies.