Werner Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in 1927, which states that the more precisely you measure a particle's position, the less precisely you can know its momentum, and vice versa. This is a fundamental limit of quantum mechanics arising from the wave-particle duality of matter. Niels Bohr (option A, misspelled as 'Neil') developed the atomic model, Rutherford discovered the nucleus, and Dalton proposed atomic theory.