To find the highest power of 3 dividing 10!, we count the total factors of 3 in the prime factorization. Count multiples of 3 (3, 6, 9 contribute one each, but 9=3² contributes an extra factor). Total: floor(10/3)+floor(10/9)=3+1=4, so 3^4=81 divides 10! but 3^5=243 does not.