Directions: Choose the appropriate option from (1 - 4) according to the information given in the reading passage.
Hindu Marriage Act is implemented for settlement of marriage related issues in which of the following cases in India?
Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.
As per law when a man and woman are married, it is clearly understood that both would live together and share a conjugal relationship. However, sometimes, problems are caused due to several factors-ill treatment of woman by her in-laws, joint family issues, employment of the woman in some other town or husband’s behaviour towards his wife. In worst cases a woman might even opt to walk out of husband’s house. Commonly, the husband would make his best of efforts to bring back his wife to his house. Husband might go to the court as a last option. It is much too controversial subject to pass judgment on legal issues pertaining the right of one spouse to demand the company of the other. It has been over a century since this subject was recognized in India. The restitution of conjugal rights was introduced into Indian law during the British rule. It is interesting to know the history as to how this provision got into the laws related to marriage and divorce in our country. The origin of this provision is found in the religious courts of England where a decree of ‘restitution of conjugal rights’ could be issued and an unwilling spouse was compelled by law to live with the complaining spouse. Those who disobeyed the orders could be imprisoned. India, according to the traditional Hindu law, litigation regarding matters of marriage was not permitted so the husband and wife were obliged to stick together for a lifetime. Husband was treated as a god by his wife and the wife could be separated from husband neither by ‘sale’ nor by ‘desertion’ as mentioned by Manu, the author of ancient text that provided grounds for litigation in India. Today the Hindu Marriage Act, section 9 and Special Marriage Act, section 22 provides that in case either spouse withdraws from the company of the other, the affected spouse can move the court for ‘restitution of conjugal rights. Parsis and Christians too have similar laws in this regard.