Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true regarding electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride?

  1. Hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode, while chlorine gas is obtained at anode.

  2. Hydrogen gas is produced at the anode, while chlorine gas is obtained at cathode.

  3. Both H2 and Cl2 gases are obtained at anode.<!--?xml:namespace prefix = o /--><o:p></o:p>

  4. Both H2 and Cl2 gases are obtained at cathode.

  5. Hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode, while oxygen gas is obtained at anode.

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A Correct answer
Explanation

During the electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode, while chlorine gas is obtained at anode. There are two substances that can be reduced at the cathode: Na+ ions and water molecules. At cathode: Na+ + e-  Â® Na       Eored = -2.71 V 2 H2O + 2 e- Â®H2 + 2 OH-                   Eored = -0.83 V It is much easier to reduce water than Na+ ions. Hence, the only product formed at the cathode is hydrogen gas. There are two substances that can be oxidized at the anode: Cl- ions and water molecules. At anode:  2 Cl- Â® Cl2 + 2 e                       Eoox = -1.36 V 2 H2® O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-                       Eoox = -1.23 V Due to closeness of the standard-state potentials for these half-reactions, we might expect a mixture of Cl2 and Ogas collect at the anode. However, in practice only chlorine gas is obtained at anode.