Which of the following accounts for the hazardousness of flash floods in desert areas?

1. Poor infrastructure
2. Absorbent soil quality
3. Time period of the disaster

In deserts, flash floods can be particularly deadly for several reasons. First, storms in arid regions are infrequent but they can deliver an enormous amount of water in a very short time. Second, these rains often fall on poorly absorbent and often clay-like soil, which greatly increases the amount of runoff that rivers and other water channels have to handle. These regions tend not to have the infrastructure that wetter regions have to divert water from structures and roads, such as storm drains, culverts and retention basins.