Straight-through cables connect unlike devices: one end uses T568A pinout, the other uses T568B. Host-to-switch connections require straight-through cables because the host transmits on pins 1/2 and receives on 3/6, while the switch does the opposite (receives on 1/2, transmits on 3/6). Crossover cables are for like devices (switch-to-switch, router-to-router, host-to-host) or when connecting to router Ethernet ports that operate as host devices.