Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a procedural or iatrogenic problem of cleaning and shaping the root canals?

  1. Accidental perforation

  2. Broken instrument in the canal

  3. Ledge formation

  4. Presence of pulp stone

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Presence of pulp stone though creating difficulty in cleaning and shaping the root canals is not caused by the dentist. So, it will not be considered under procedural/iatrogenic problems.