Multiple choice

Give the best summary of the third paragraph of the passage.

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

Today, India is at the cusp of a revolution in economic growth. As a progressive nation, we have to focus on both the creation of wealth (through entrepreneurship) and the redistribution of at least a part of that wealth (by philanthropy). Philanthropy is part of the implicit social contract that nurtures and revitalizes economic prosperity. Much of the new wealth created has to be given back to the community to nurture future economic growth. This is the only way we can create hope for the large majority of our poor. Robert Kennedy once said, ‘each time a man stands up to improve the lot of others, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope.’ There is no more opportune time for us than now to create a multitude of such ripples. Today, thanks to liberalization and subsequent economic growth, a large number of Indians have the capacity to contribute. Wealth invested back into society expands opportunity for a larger section of people, and we can thus create an upheaval spiral of wealth and prosperity. This is at the core of social success in countries like the USA.
In promoting philanthropic activity, we have to focus on both the supply side of philosophy (donors) as well as the demand side (recipients). On both sides of the equation, many of our voluntary organizations have the capacity to solve problems but have little or no money to implement them. On the other hand, many of those that have the financial resources hardly have time or the focus to sustain programmes that cater to society’s demands. The need of the hour is to enthuse a large section of our affluent population to become active participants in philanthropy. According to a survey by Independent Sector, a coalition of philanthropic organization in the USA, over 80 per cent of US households donate to charitable causes, 80 million American adults involve themselves in voluntary activities, representing the equivalent of over 9 million full-time employees at a value of $239 billion. Philanthropy has allowed the USA to tackle many of its social problems. In 2000, American philanthropic contributions account for almost 2 per cent of the national income. There are similar signs of increased philanthropic activity in Latin America, Spain and Russia, to name just a few countries.
Contributions from individuals have tremendous potential in India. However, most individuals donate to religious organizations. In fact, this accounts for about 35 per cent of donations made by Indians. Further, a majority of voluntary organizations in India lack the marketing and branding skills and the methodology to tap this very important source of funds. Owing to lack of transparency and accountability, many voluntary organizations suffer from serious crises of credibility. This often deters individuals from contributing to welfare or developmental projects.
Public trust, it needs to be remembered, is the singlemost important asset of the philanthropic community. Without it, donors will not give and volunteers will not get involved. This implies accountability to the public and to the charitable intent of the donors. Improved performance also requires lowering the cost of administration and investing in more effective strategies for social change. Programme evaluation, focus on results, and even impact studies to measure the effectiveness of social investments are part of this. Independent Sector in the USA outlines a series of steps the philanthropic and non-profit sector take to ensure accountability. We need a similar code in India. (Narayan Murthy in A Better India A Better World)

 

  1. Philanthropy has not developed in India in the same manner it has developed in several other countries.

  2. Voluntary organizations in India have not been able to tap this source of fund as they lack marketing and branding skills.

  3. Despite having got the potential philanthropy has not developed in India as an important economic tool.

  4. Lack of credibility is one of the main impediments in the way of India starting out on philanthropy in a big way.

  5. Most of the contributions made by individuals in India are to religious outfits.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Want of transparency and accountability lead to lack of credibility. This is one of the chief reasons for dismal performance on this front. Best summary.