Multiple choice

Directions: The sentence given below is followed by 4 alternatives. Select the one which most logically complements the idea contained in the given sentence.

Dogs become disturbed when the brain is confused by stimuli that run counter to what the dog has learned to expect, when stimuli makes no sense within the victim's established frame of reference.

This means that a dog becomes disturbed when

  1. the provocation does not have a recognizable pattern

  2. established response-stimuli links are broken

  3. a new situation stirs old memories

  4. the animal is not able to relate the stimuli to any past experience of the same kind
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

'Established frame of reference' in the given sentence suggests the past experience, hence, option (4) is the answer.

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