Multiple choice

. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India provides that every person who is a member of a defence service or of a civil service of the Union or of All-India Services holds the office during the pleasure of the President of India?

  1. Article 310

  2. Article 315

  3. Article 323

  4. Article 323

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A Correct answer
Explanation

Article 310 of the Constitution explicitly states that persons serving in defence services, civil services of the Union, or All-India Services hold office during the pleasure of the President. This establishes the principle of permanent civil services with executive control through presidential pleasure.