Consider the following statements about the civil service system of Japan:

1. Permanent employees are generally hired as generalists, and not as specialists, for specific positions.
2. Career progression is highly predictable, regulated and automatic.
3. Salary increases and promotions each year are generally uniform for members of the same graduating class who join an employer together. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Japan's civil service traditionally hires generalists rather than specialists (statement 1 correct). Career progression follows a predictable, regulated pattern with seniority-based advancement (statement 2 correct). Salary increases and promotions are standardized for members of the same cohort entering together (statement 3 correct). All three statements accurately describe key features of Japan's lifetime employment and seniority-based civil service system.