Multiple choice

Who among the following developed the classic three-step model, of organizational change?

  1. Kurt Lewin

  2. H. Simon

  3. J. P. Kotter

  4. L. R. Murphy
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Kurt Lewin developed the classic three-step model of organizational change: unfreezing (creating motivation for change), changing/movement (implementing the actual change), and refreezing (stabilizing and institutionalizing the new state). This model, developed in the 1940s, remains one of the most fundamental frameworks in change management literature.

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