Given below are the reasons why it is opposed by the speaker to use ANWR for oil drilling?

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I

When the numbers start going up here, you can bet the pressure gauge rises here also. It is pressure to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge, known as ANWR, has been off limits since 1980 to any oil exploration without Congressional approval. Alaska's Sen. Frank Murkowski says it's time for Congress to reconsider. Sen. Frank Murkowski says, “ANWR becomes one of the reasonable alternatives and consequently we want to pursue it.” **Environmentalists call the ANWR the biological heart of Alaska, and compare it to the Serengeti plains of Africa for the diversity of wildlife. They say, put an oil field here and you will destroy it forever. Bruce Hamilton of the Sierra Club says, “We’re going to sacrifice something that we should be passing on to our grandchildren as a national heritage, in order to have a quick fix of oil for six months and if you really want additional oil there are better ways to do it through conservation.” Alaska ships 10 percent of its oil to Asia, but petroleum producers say the percentage is too small to affect U.S. supplies or prices. When gas prices soar there’s a rally cry by the oil industry. They say, “Open the refuge and drill and the U.S. would no longer be over a barrel.” Mark Rubin of the American Petroleum Institute says, by using oil from ANWR, “It has been estimated through the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that we could replace the same amount of oil that we are importing through Saudi Arabia for the next 30 years.” As the oil industry dreams of vast pools of crude beneath the Arctic tundra, environmentalists say their dream is to get President Clinton to declare the ANWR a national monument. This is the only surefire way, they say, to keep the refuge wild and free. 
** Senator Murkowski is Chairman of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources commercial.

Passage - II

Secretary “Bruce Babbit” responds to the proposed legislation "I strongly oppose legislation introduced in the Senate today to open the Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. President Clinton has shown great leadership by announcing his intention to veto past Congressional attempts to circumvent the wishes of millions of Americans nationwide who oppose the degradation of their national treasure. These Americans and the Clinton/Gore Administration have made it clear again and again: we will protect this last undeveloped fragment of America's arctic coastline for the thousands of caribou, polar bears, swans, snow geese, musk oxen and countless other species who use it to birth and shelter their young. There is a time and a place for oil exploration in Alaska, and we have permitted environmentally sensitive oil exploration in a large area of the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska, an area set aside for that purpose. There is a big difference between the designation of a National Petroleum Reserve and a National Wildlife Refuge but some in Congress consistently fail to recognize this fact. So today I am recommending that President Clinton oppose any further Republican Congressional attempts to use legislation to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling."