The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for which of the following?

For the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics

For the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

For groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication

For pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

For contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique