Vegetative propagation is accomplished by the use of
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grafting and budding
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apomictic seed
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layers and cutting
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All of the above
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Vegetative propagation can be achieved through multiple methods: grafting and budding (joining plant parts), apomictic seeds (asexual seed production without fertilization), and layering and cutting (stem/leaf propagation. All these are valid vegetative propagation techniques.