Mental Retardation (now termed Intellectual Disability or Intellectual Developmental Disorder) is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Dyslexia is a learning disability affecting reading, not an intellectual disability. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting attention and executive functioning. Autistic spectrum disorders involve social communication deficits and restricted behaviors, but many individuals with ASD have average or above-average intelligence, so it is not classified as an intellectual disability.