How many kilograms of salt worth Rs 360 per kg should be mixed with 10 kg of salt worth Rs420 per kg, such that by selling the mixture at Rs 480 per kg, there may be a gain of 20%?

To achieve a 20% profit while selling the mixture at Rs 480 per kg, the required cost price is 480 divided by 1.2, which equals Rs 400 per kg. Applying the rule of alligation between the Rs 360 salt and the Rs 420 salt yields a ratio of (420 minus 400) to (400 minus 360), giving 20 : 40 or 1 : 2. If 2 parts equal 10 kg, then 1 part of the first salt is 5 kg.

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