Publisher sells books to retailer at marked price which is $20$% above his outlay. If on cash payment, he allows a discount of $10$% go the marked price. The publisher thus gains

Let the publisher's outlay, or cost price, be 100. The marked price is 20% above the outlay, making it 120. The cash payment discount is 10% on the marked price, so the final selling price is 120 - (10/100 x 120) = 108. The profit is 108 - 100 = 8, meaning the publisher gains 8%.

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