Because 4 is a root of the quadratic equation x^2 + ax - 8 = 0, it must satisfy the equation. Substituting x = 4 into the equation yields (4)^2 + a(4) - 8 = 0, which simplifies to 16 + 4a - 8 = 0 or 4a + 8 = 0. Solving this linear equation for a gives 4a = -8, meaning a = -2.