In a triangle, the centroid divides the median in ratio 2:1 (AG:GD = 2:1). Given AO = 10 cm, this means AG = 20 cm (since AO is the distance from vertex to centroid). Total AD = AG + GD = 20 + 10 = 30 cm. Therefore OD = AD - AO = 30 - 20 = 10 cm, but more directly: since AO:OD = 2:1 and AO = 10, OD = 5 cm. Option C matches.