The differences between consecutive terms are 4, 8, 12. This is an arithmetic progression of differences, so the next difference should be 16. Adding 16 to 40 gives 56.
The sequence is formed by adding multiples of four to the previous term. The pattern of addition is 4, 8, and 12, as seen in 16 + 4 = 20, 20 + 8 = 28, and 28 + 12 = 40. Continuing this pattern, the next operation is to add 16 to 40, which results in 56.