The ratio of monthly incomes of two employees is 3 : 5 and their monthly expenditures are in the ratio 5 : 9. If both the employees save Rs. 300 every month, then what is the monthly income of the first employee?

Let the monthly incomes of the two employees be 3x and 5x, and their monthly expenditures be 5y and 9y respectively. Since both save 300 rupees, we set up the simultaneous equations 3x minus 5y equals 300 and 5x minus 9y equals 300. Multiplying the first equation by 5 gives 15x minus 25y equals 1500, and multiplying the second by 3 gives 15x minus 27y equals 900. Subtracting the two yields 2y equals 600, so y equals 300, and substituting this back gives x equals 600. The monthly income of the first employee is 3x, which is Rs. 1800.

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