Queries using ROWID in the WHERE clause run faster because ROWID represents the fastest possible access path to a row - it's the logical (pseudo-column) address that points directly to the physical location. When you query by ROWID, Oracle doesn't need to use indexes or scan tables; it goes straight to the specific data block and row slot. ROWID is not a physical column stored in the table, but a pseudo-column that exists in every row automatically. The speed improvement comes from direct physical addressing.