In Oracle database, a CASE statement can have up to 255 WHEN clauses (comparisons). This is a well-documented limit in Oracle PL/SQL. Options 127 and 511 are incorrect, while 63 is far below the actual limit.
In many SQL dialects a CASE expression is limited to 255 WHEN comparisons because of how the parser/expression tree depth is implemented internally. This is a hard engine limit rather than a stylistic guideline, so exceeding it causes a compile-time error rather than a runtime failure.