assertions can force which of the constraints ......
-
pre conditions
-
post conditions
-
exceptions
-
class invariants
A,B,D
Correct answer
Explanation
Assertions in Java are used to enforce internal correctness checks: preconditions (requirements before method execution), postconditions (guarantees after method execution), and class invariants (conditions that must always hold true). They are not for exception handling - that's what try-catch blocks are for. Assertions can be disabled at runtime, unlike normal exception handling.