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What happens if you use a GROUP BY clause in a PROC SQL step without a summary function?

  1. The step does not execute.

  2. The first numeric column is summed by default.

  3. The GROUP BY clause is changed to an ORDER BY clause.

  4. The step executes but does not group or sort data.

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C Correct answer
Explanation

When GROUP BY is used without an aggregate function in PROC SQL, SAS automatically converts it to an ORDER BY clause. This is a SAS-specific behavior that prevents errors. The query executes and sorts the data rather than producing grouped summaries.