Unix shells have four standard prompt variables: PS1 (primary prompt, typically '$' or '#'), PS2 (secondary continuation prompt, typically '>'), PS3 (select prompt for menu selection), and PS4 (debug prompt used with shell tracing). These control the command-line appearance in different contexts. PS1 is the main prompt users see, while PS2 appears for multi-line commands, PS3 for select loops, and PS4 during debugging.