SQL provides built-in functions across multiple categories: character functions (SUBSTR, CONCAT, etc.), numeric functions (ABS, ROUND, etc.), date functions (SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS, etc.), and conversion functions (TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, CAST, etc.). Option B correctly identifies character and numeric functions. Option E correctly identifies date and conversion functions. Option A is partially correct but incomplete. Options C, D, and F contain incorrect or non-standard category names.