ORA-12154 is 'TNS:could not resolve the service name' - Oracle's TNS listener cannot find the database service name specified in the connect string. This is a TNS (Transparent Network Substrate) naming/configuration error. Option A would be ORA-12154 (name lookup failure is essentially the same), Option C is ORA-12560 (protocol adapter error). The key issue is service name resolution in tnsnames.ora.