I really can't tell what's ........
-
taking off
-
going by
-
going on
-
taking in
The idiom 'can't tell what's going on' means unable to understand what is happening. 'Going on' is the correct phrasal verb meaning occurring or happening. Option C is correct. 'Taking off' means leaving or succeeding, 'going by' means passing time, and 'taking in' means understanding or deceiving - none fit the context of observing a situation.
The idiom 'what's going on' means 'what is happening,' which fits naturally in 'I really can't tell what's going on' (i.e., I can't understand the situation/events). 'Taking off' means departing or suddenly becoming successful, which doesn't fit describing a confusing situation. 'Going by' typically refers to time passing or judging something based on a criterion ('going by his reaction'), not fitting here. 'Taking in' means absorbing information or deceiving someone, also a poor fit. 'Going on' is the standard collocation for describing an ongoing, often confusing, situation, making it the only natural completion.