Barium sulfate is a radiopaque contrast medium used in imaging the gastrointestinal tract. When swallowed (barium swallow) or administered as an enema (barium enema), it coats the lining of the alimentary canal (esophagus, stomach, intestines), making these structures clearly visible on X-ray. It helps diagnose ulcers, tumors, obstructions, and other GI abnormalities. It has no use in blood grouping or brain imaging.