To find the last two digits of 19^244, we use modular arithmetic with mod 100. The powers of 19 follow a cycle: 19^1=19, 19^2=61, 19^3=79, 19^4=01 (mod 100), then repeats every 20 powers. Since 244 = 240 + 4 and 240 is a multiple of 20, we need 19^4 mod 100 = 21. This uses Euler's theorem and the cyclic nature of modular powers.