Christopher Latham Sholes, along with partners Samuel Soule and Carlos Glidden, invented the first practical typewriter in 1867. Sholes' design, known as the Sholes and Glidden typewriter, was commercially produced by Remington and Company. The QWERTY keyboard layout, still used today, was also developed by Sholes to prevent jamming of commonly used letter combinations. Shockley worked on transistors, Pascal invented the mechanical calculator, and Waterman is associated with fountain pens.