Excel vs Excel Online
Excel vs Excel Online Interview with follow-up questions
1. What are the main differences between Excel and Excel Online?
Excel (desktop) and Excel for the Web (previously called Excel Online) share the same file format but differ in several important ways:
| Area | Excel (desktop) | Excel for the Web |
|---|---|---|
| Access | Installed application (Windows/Mac) | Browser-based, no installation needed |
| Offline use | Full offline capability | Requires internet connection |
| Feature set | Complete feature set | Subset of features; most common tasks are supported |
| Saving | Manual save (Ctrl+S) or AutoSave with OneDrive | Automatic, continuous save to OneDrive/SharePoint |
| VBA / Macros | Full VBA authoring and execution | Can run some macros; no VBA editor |
| Power Query | Full Power Query editor | Limited — can refresh existing queries but not build complex ones |
| Performance | Handles very large files and complex models better | Can be slower on large workbooks |
| Add-ins | Broad add-in support | Web add-ins only (Office Add-ins via the store) |
| Collaboration | Co-authoring available when file is on OneDrive/SharePoint | Native real-time co-authoring with presence indicators |
| Python in Excel | Available (GA in 2024) | Not yet available in the web version |
Key 2024–2026 updates: Excel for the Web has significantly closed the gap with the desktop version. Most dynamic array functions (XLOOKUP, FILTER, SORT, UNIQUE, etc.) now work in the browser. Copilot in Excel is available in both versions for Microsoft 365 subscribers.
For most day-to-day tasks — formulas, PivotTables, charts, data validation, conditional formatting — Excel for the Web is sufficient. For heavy data modeling, VBA automation, or Python in Excel, the desktop application is necessary.
Follow-up 1
Can you name a feature that is available in Excel but not in Excel Online?
One feature that is available in Excel but not in Excel Online is the ability to create and run VBA macros. VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) is a programming language that allows users to automate tasks and create custom functions in Excel. While Excel Online provides basic formula functionality, it does not support the use of VBA macros.
Follow-up 2
How does the performance of Excel and Excel Online compare?
In terms of performance, Excel is generally faster and more responsive than Excel Online. This is because Excel is a desktop application that runs directly on the user's computer, while Excel Online relies on an internet connection and the processing power of the server hosting the application. The performance of Excel Online can be affected by factors such as the speed of the internet connection, the number of users accessing the application simultaneously, and the complexity of the workbook being used. For simple tasks and smaller workbooks, the performance difference may not be noticeable, but for larger and more complex workbooks, Excel is typically faster and more efficient.
Follow-up 3
In what scenarios would you prefer to use Excel Online over Excel?
Excel Online is a convenient option in scenarios where:
- Collaboration is a priority: Excel Online allows multiple users to work on a workbook simultaneously, making it easier to collaborate and share data in real-time.
- Access from any device is required: Excel Online can be accessed from any device with an internet connection, including computers, tablets, and smartphones, making it a flexible option for users who need to work on their spreadsheets while on the go.
- Cost is a consideration: Excel Online is available for free with a Microsoft account, while Excel requires a paid license. This can make Excel Online a more cost-effective choice for users who have basic spreadsheet needs and do not require the advanced features of the desktop application.
2. Can you explain how to share and collaborate on a document in Excel Online?
Excel for the Web (Microsoft 365) makes real-time collaboration straightforward. Here is how to share and collaborate on a workbook:
Sharing a file:
- Open the workbook in Excel for the Web (it must already be stored on OneDrive or SharePoint).
- Click the Share button in the top-right corner of the ribbon.
- In the sharing panel, enter the email addresses of the people you want to invite.
- Choose the permission level: Can edit (full editing rights) or Can view (read-only).
- Optionally add a message, then click Send — recipients get an email with a direct link.
- Alternatively, click Copy link to share the link via any channel (Slack, Teams, email, etc.) and set link permissions (anyone with the link, specific people, organization only).
Real-time co-authoring:
- Multiple users can be in the file simultaneously. Each person's cursor and selections are visible in a different color with their name displayed.
- Changes from all collaborators appear in near real-time without needing to refresh.
- The activity feed and Comments pane (Insert > Comment or Ctrl+Alt+M) allow threaded discussions tied to specific cells.
Managing access:
- Click Share > Manage Access to see who has access, change permissions, or remove individuals.
- File owners can set expiration dates on shared links and require sign-in for additional security.
Desktop co-authoring: The same co-authoring experience works in the Excel desktop app when the file is stored on OneDrive or SharePoint — AutoSave must be turned on.
Follow-up 1
What are the limitations of collaboration in Excel Online?
While Excel Online offers collaboration features, there are some limitations to be aware of:
- Real-time collaboration: Excel Online does not support real-time collaboration, meaning multiple users cannot edit the same cell simultaneously. Changes made by one user will not be immediately visible to others.
- Limited co-authoring: Excel Online allows multiple users to work on a document simultaneously, but there are limitations on the number of users who can co-author a document at the same time.
- No offline editing: Excel Online requires an internet connection to collaborate on a document. Offline editing is not supported.
- Limited functionality: Some advanced features and functionalities available in the desktop version of Excel may not be available in Excel Online, limiting the collaboration experience.
Despite these limitations, Excel Online still provides a convenient way to collaborate on spreadsheets with others.
Follow-up 2
How does the collaboration feature in Excel Online compare to that of Google Sheets?
The collaboration feature in Excel Online and Google Sheets offer similar functionalities, but there are some differences:
- Real-time collaboration: Google Sheets supports real-time collaboration, allowing multiple users to edit the same cell simultaneously. Changes made by one user are immediately visible to others. Excel Online does not support real-time collaboration.
- Offline editing: Google Sheets allows users to edit documents offline and sync changes when an internet connection is available. Excel Online requires an internet connection to collaborate on a document.
- Co-authoring limitations: Excel Online has limitations on the number of users who can co-author a document at the same time. Google Sheets allows a larger number of users to collaborate simultaneously.
- Functionality: Google Sheets offers a wide range of built-in functions and add-ons for collaboration, while Excel Online may have some limitations on advanced features.
Overall, both Excel Online and Google Sheets provide effective collaboration tools, but the choice depends on specific requirements and preferences.
Follow-up 3
Can you restrict editing rights for certain users in Excel Online?
Yes, you can restrict editing rights for certain users in Excel Online. When sharing a document, you can choose to give recipients 'Can edit' or 'Can view' access. If you want to restrict editing rights for certain users, you can give them 'Can view' access. This allows them to view the document but not make any changes. Only users with 'Can edit' access can make changes to the document. Additionally, you can also remove a user's access to the document at any time if you no longer want them to have editing rights.
3. How does file saving work in Excel Online?
In Excel for the Web, files are saved automatically and continuously — there is no manual Save button to click. This is how it works:
- The file is stored in OneDrive or SharePoint (not on the local hard drive).
- Every change you make is saved to the cloud within seconds. You will see "Saved" in the top bar to confirm.
- Because saves are automatic, there is no risk of losing work from a crash or accidental tab close.
Version history:
Excel for the Web maintains a full version history automatically. To access it: go to File > Version History (or click the file name in the title bar and choose Version History). You can view any earlier snapshot and restore it with one click.
Comparing to the desktop app:
In the Excel desktop application, AutoSave works the same way when the file is stored on OneDrive or SharePoint — you will see the AutoSave toggle in the top-left of the ribbon. If the file is saved locally (on your hard drive), AutoSave is not available and you must save manually with Ctrl + S.
File format:
Files in Excel for the Web are stored as .xlsx by default. You can download a local copy at any time via File > Save As > Download a Copy, which saves an .xlsx file to your device.
Follow-up 1
Can you save a file locally from Excel Online?
Yes, you can save a file locally from Excel Online. To do this, you can download the file to your computer. In Excel Online, go to the File menu, then click on 'Save As' and choose 'Download a Copy'. This will download a copy of the file to your computer's local storage.
Follow-up 2
What happens if you lose your internet connection while working on a document in Excel Online?
If you lose your internet connection while working on a document in Excel Online, your changes will be saved locally on your device. When you regain internet connection, Excel Online will automatically sync your changes to the cloud. It's important to note that you may experience limited functionality while offline, as some features may require an internet connection to work.
Follow-up 3
How does Excel Online handle version control?
Excel Online has built-in version control functionality. It automatically saves a version history of your file, allowing you to access and restore previous versions if needed. To access the version history, go to the File menu, then click on 'Info' and choose 'Version History'. From there, you can view and restore previous versions of your file.
4. What types of files can be opened in Excel Online?
Excel for the Web supports the most common spreadsheet file formats. The primary supported types are:
Fully supported (open, edit, save):
.xlsx— Excel Workbook (the standard modern format).xlsm— Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook (macros are visible but cannot be run or edited in the browser).xltx/.xltm— Excel Template files.csv— Comma-Separated Values (opens as a sheet; saved back as.xlsxif edited).ods— OpenDocument Spreadsheet
Open and view (limited or read-only in the browser):
.xls— Legacy Excel 97–2003 format (opens for viewing; save converts to.xlsx).xlsb— Excel Binary Workbook (can open but some features may not render)
Not supported in the browser:
- Files requiring desktop-only features (such as complex embedded objects, certain add-ins, or advanced VBA) will open but those features will be inactive or stripped.
- PDF, Word, and other non-spreadsheet formats cannot be opened directly as editable spreadsheets.
Practical note for interviews: The most important formats to know are .xlsx (standard), .xlsm (macros), and .csv (plain data exchange). Interviewers may ask why you would choose .csv over .xlsx — the answer is that .csv is universally compatible and ideal for data pipelines, but it supports only a single sheet and no formatting or formulas.
Follow-up 1
Can Excel Online open CSV files?
Yes, Excel Online can open CSV (Comma Separated Values) files. CSV files are commonly used to store tabular data in plain text format, with each line representing a row and each value separated by a comma. When you open a CSV file in Excel Online, it will be displayed as a spreadsheet with the data organized into columns and rows.
Follow-up 2
How does Excel Online handle macros in an Excel file?
Excel Online does not support macros in Excel files. Macros are small programs that automate repetitive tasks in Excel. When you open an Excel file with macros in Excel Online, the macros will be disabled and not executed. However, you can still view and edit the non-macro content of the file in Excel Online.
Follow-up 3
Are there any file size limitations in Excel Online?
Yes, there are file size limitations in Excel Online. The maximum file size for Excel workbooks (.xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb, .xltx, .xltm, .xls, .xlt) is 100 MB. If your file exceeds this limit, you will need to reduce its size before you can open it in Excel Online. Other file types, such as CSV, text, and XML files, have a maximum size limit of 5 MB. If your file exceeds this limit, you may need to split it into smaller files or use a different tool to work with it.
5. Can you describe the user interface of Excel Online?
Excel for the Web closely mirrors the desktop application's interface, with a few differences suited to a browser environment:
Main UI components:
- Title bar: shows the workbook name at the top center. Clicking it lets you rename the file or access version history.
- Ribbon: the tabbed toolbar running across the top — tabs include Home, Insert, Draw, Formulas, Data, Review, and View. The web ribbon is slightly streamlined compared to desktop but covers all everyday tasks.
- Name Box: top-left, displays the address of the active cell and allows navigation by typing a cell address or named range.
- Formula bar: to the right of the Name Box, shows the raw content or formula in the active cell. Click here to enter or edit a formula.
- Spreadsheet grid: the main area of rows (numbered) and columns (lettered) where data is entered and displayed.
- Sheet tabs: at the bottom, showing each worksheet. Right-click a tab for options to rename, move, copy, or delete the sheet.
- Status bar: at the very bottom, displays Sum, Average, and Count for any selected range of numbers.
- Share / Comments buttons: top-right, for collaboration. The Comments pane lets collaborators leave and reply to threaded notes on specific cells.
- Tell Me / Search box: at the top, lets you search for commands or features by name — useful when you cannot find something in the ribbon.
Key difference from desktop: Some advanced ribbon groups (like Power Query in the Data tab) are absent or limited. There is no VBA editor. The overall experience is intentionally clean and fast for browser use.
Follow-up 1
How does the user interface of Excel Online differ from Excel?
The user interface of Excel Online is designed to be more streamlined and simplified compared to the desktop version of Excel. Some of the differences include:
- The ribbon in Excel Online has fewer tabs and options compared to Excel.
- Excel Online does not have all the advanced features and functionalities available in Excel.
- The sidebar in Excel Online provides quick access to commonly used features, while in Excel, these features are spread across multiple tabs.
- Excel Online has a simplified formula bar compared to Excel, with basic formula editing capabilities.
Overall, the user interface of Excel Online is more focused on essential features and ease of use, making it suitable for basic spreadsheet tasks.
Follow-up 2
Are all Excel functions available in the Excel Online interface?
No, not all Excel functions are available in the Excel Online interface. While Excel Online supports a wide range of functions, including common ones like SUM, AVERAGE, and IF, it does not have support for some of the more advanced and specialized functions found in the desktop version of Excel. Additionally, Excel Online may have limitations in terms of the size of data that can be processed and the complexity of calculations that can be performed. It is recommended to check the official documentation or try out the specific function in Excel Online to see if it is available.
Follow-up 3
How user-friendly is Excel Online for a new user?
Excel Online is designed to be user-friendly, especially for new users. It has a clean and intuitive interface that is easy to navigate. The simplified ribbon and sidebar provide quick access to commonly used features, making it easier to find and use the necessary tools. Excel Online also includes helpful tooltips and suggestions to guide users in performing various tasks. Additionally, Excel Online supports real-time collaboration, allowing multiple users to work on a spreadsheet simultaneously, which can be beneficial for new users who may need assistance or feedback from others. Overall, Excel Online offers a user-friendly experience for both beginners and experienced users.
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