Tag: communicable diseases

Questions Related to communicable diseases

The parasite which has been recently eradicated from India is

  1. Leishmania donavani

  2. Dracunucles medinensis

  3. Toxoplasma gondii

  4. Taenia solium


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Dracunculus medinensis or Guinea worm is a nematode that causes dracunculiasis( guinea worm disease).
  • Usually, the disease has no initial symptoms. About one year later, there is a painful burning feeling as a blister forms, usually on the legs. The blister bursts as the worm then come out of the skin over a few weeks.
  • this Disease has been eradicated and India was declared as guinea worm disease free country by WHO in 2000.
  • Hence The parasite which has been recently eradicated from India is Dracunculus medinensis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Dracunculus medinensis '.

If you live in an overcrowded and poorly ventilated house, it is possible that you may suffer from

  1. Cancer

  2. AIDS

  3. Air borne diseases

  4. Cholera


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Many microbial agents can commonly move from an affected person to someone else in a variety of ways. Such disease-causing microbes can spread through the air. This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sneezes or coughs. Someone standing close by can breathe in these droplets, and the microbes get a chance to start a new infection. Examples of such diseases spread through the air are the common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis. Obviously, the more crowded our living conditions are, the more likely it is that such airborne diseases will spread.

Which one of the following disease is not transmitted by a mosquito?

  1. Brain fever

  2. Malaria

  3. Typhoid

  4. Dengue


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Brain fever is caused by virus and transmitted through Culex tritaeniorhynchus, female mosquitoes. Mosquitoes acquire virus, while taking blood meal and pass it to next healthy person. 
When Anopheles female mosquito bites a malaria patient then malarial parasite also enters in mosquito, while blood suction. Malarial parasite can grow in mosquito body and pass to another person, when mosquito bites. Dengue virus is transmitted due to mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti.  
Typhoid is caused by bacteria called as Salmonella typhi. It is water borne disease. Typhoid patient's feces show presence of Salmonella typhi. When such feces comes in contact with drinking water bodies then water gets polluted. Such, water if used for consumption then person gets infected with typhoid. Hence, typhoid is not transmitted by mosquito. 

The factor that is least important to control in order to limit food-borne illness is

  1. Presence of pesticides

  2. Presence of microbes

  3. Temperature of food

  4. Time of incubation

  5. None of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Foodborne illness can be caused by pesticides or medicines in food and naturally toxic substances such as poisonous mushrooms or reef fish. Foodborne illnesses may result from the consumption of food contaminated by microbial pathogens, toxic chemicals or radioactive materials. The temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone. Food safety agencies, such as the United States' Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), define the danger zone as roughly 4–5°C to 60 °C. The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness. The delay between consumption of a contaminated food and appearance of the first symptoms of illness is called the incubation period. This ranges from hours to days, depending on the agent, and on how much was consumed. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option E.

Those at greatest risk for food-borne illness include

  1. Pregnant woman

  2. Infants and children

  3. Immunosuppressed individuals

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Food-borne illnesses are infections or irritations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract caused by food or beverages that contain harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, or chemicals. Common symptoms of food-borne illnesses include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, and chills. Older adults, pregnant woman and young children are among the most vulnerable to food-borne illnesses. People with compromised immune systems are also at risk.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following diseases is / are likely to spread in the entire community if a leaky septic tank contaminates the water supply?

  1. Cholera

  2. Typhoid

  3. Tuberculosis

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Contamination of drinking water sources by sewage can occur from raw sewage overflow, septic tanks, leaking sewer lines, land application of sludge and partially treated waste water. Sewage is a complex mixture and can contain many types of contaminants. The greatest threats posed to water resources arise from contamination by bacteria, nitrates, metals, trace quantities of toxic materials, and salts. Seepage overflow into drinking water sources can cause disease from the ingestion of microorganisms such as E coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Hepatitis A, and helminths. Septic tanks are enclosures that store and process wastes by bacterial decomposition. Badly constructed percolation systems may allow water to escape without proper treatment.This water may seep to the land surface, runoff into surface water or flow directly into the water table causing waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea etc.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following diseases spread through air?

  1. Dysentery, cholera and typhoid

  2. Ulcer, heart attack and appendicitis

  3. Common cold and influenza

  4. Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Airborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microbes small enough to be discharged from an infected person via coughing, sneezing, laughing and close personal contact or aerosolization of the microbe. The discharged microbes remain suspended in the air on dust particles, respiratory and water droplets. Illness is caused when the microbe is inhaled or contacts mucus membranes or when secretions remaining on a surface are touched. Many common infections can spread by airborne transmission at least in some cases, including: anthrax (inhalational), chicken pox, influenza, measles, smallpox, and tuberculosis.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following is not an air-borne disease?

  1. Black stem rust of wheat

  2. Coffee rust

  3. Blast of rice

  4. Potato mosaic disease


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

An airborne disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air. Potato virus is transmitted by aphids by sticking to aphid mouth parts (stylet). The virus can be acquired from the infected plant within seconds, and transmitted to a healthy plant very fast. It can also be transmitted mechanically by machinery, tools, and damaging plants while walking through the field. Aphids are by far the most efficient means of transmission.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Salmonella bacteria are usually spread via

  1. Raw meats, poultry and eggs

  2. Pickled vegetables

  3. Home-canned vegetables

  4. Raw vegetables


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Salmonella bacteria can be found in food products such as raw poultry, eggs, and beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit. Food prepared on surfaces that previously were in contact with raw meat or meat products can, in turn, become contaminated with the bacteria. This is called cross-contamination.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

The bacteria can enter the food supply in a number of ways, including:

  1. Improper food handling

  2. Poor hygiene

  3. During poultry and meat processing

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Explanation: The most common type of enteritis is caused by food poisoning. You get it after ingesting food or water that is contaminated with bacteria.